Class 9 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 MCQ – Resistance and Resilience

Resilience means enduring difficulties and adapting while sustaining important aspects of life. Recovery and adjustment can occur in social, cultural, political and economic spheres.

Resistance involves opposing a threat or unwanted authority. It can use armed struggle, alliances, negotiation or other political action, depending on circumstances.

The iqta system linked revenue assignments with administrative or military obligations. It helped rulers support officials and forces, though revenue demands could burden cultivators.

The chapter describes Naiki Devi’s role in defeating Muhammad Ghuri’s forces near Mount Abu in 1178, illustrating regional resistance before the Delhi Sultanate.

The second battle of Tarain in 1192 was an important turning point in northern India. It preceded the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in 1206.

Rana Sanga led a coalition against Babur at Khanua. The episode illustrates attempts by regional powers to resist the expansion of a new empire.

A mansab was a rank within the Mughal administrative and military system. Such appointments helped integrate nobles and allied rulers into imperial service.

Alliances could protect a ruling house and reduce the costs of prolonged warfare. Their terms varied, so rulers assessed opportunities and limits carefully.

The Aravalli landscape supported mobility, concealment and local defence. Knowledge of difficult terrain helped Pratap continue resistance despite Mughal military strength.

Bhil support contributed local knowledge and manpower to Mewar’s resistance. The alliance shows why community relationships could matter as much as formal military resources.

Haldighati was fought in 1576. The battle did not end Pratap’s resistance; he continued using terrain, local support and changing military strategies.

Ahom commanders understood Assam’s waterways, forests and seasonal conditions. This knowledge helped them choose tactics and exploit disadvantages faced by invading armies.

Lachit Borphukan led Ahom forces at Saraighat in 1671. River warfare and local geographical knowledge were central to resisting Mughal expansion.

The Paik system organised service for the Ahom state. It helped mobilise people for public work and defence, strengthening the kingdom’s capacity to respond.

Harihara and Bukka established Vijayanagara near Hampi. Its defensible location and expanding political organisation helped it become a major southern power.

Hampi’s rocky surroundings and the Tungabhadra River offered natural defensive advantages. Geography supported the capital’s military security as well as settlement and economic activity.

Krishnadevaraya’s reign is associated with Vijayanagara’s political strength and cultural patronage. Literature, temples and trade developed alongside the empire’s military and administrative activities.

Talikota caused severe political and urban destruction, but traditions did not vanish. Regional powers, including Nayaka centres, continued cultural and political activity.

Forts protected food, water, weapons and officials. A network of strongholds supported defence, retreat and administration, making sustained resistance more feasible.

Swarajya expresses the aspiration for self-rule. Under Shivaji, military strategy and administrative organisation worked together to establish and sustain political authority.

The Khalsa strengthened collective identity, discipline and defence among Sikhs. Its formation responded to the community’s spiritual and political circumstances in the period.

Miri and piri express the relationship between worldly responsibility and spiritual authority. The concept helped shape Sikh responses to changing political pressures.

The chapter connects Jat resistance with revenue pressures and political or religious policies. Local organisation helped communities assert their interests during imperial conflict.

Familiar languages made devotional ideas accessible to ordinary people. Songs and recitation helped transmit teachings across social groups and preserve community bonds.

Nirguna Bhakti emphasises the divine without form or attributes. It is distinguished from Saguna devotion, which relates to divine forms with attributes.

Andal belongs to the Alvar devotional tradition centred on Vishnu. Karaikal Ammaiyar is associated with the Nayanar tradition devoted to Shiva.

Reciting or singing the divine name could continue in homes or gatherings. Portable practices helped communities sustain devotion even when institutions or buildings were threatened.

Khanqahs were associated with Sufi spiritual and community life. They provided spaces where teachings, social interaction and support could connect people from different backgrounds.

House-like temple forms could make religious buildings less conspicuous in difficult circumstances. Architectural adaptation helped preserve worship and community continuity alongside temple rebuilding.

A hundi enabled financial transfer or credit through trusted commercial networks. It reduced physical transport risks and supported trade across distant markets.